| Sodium | |
|---|---|
| Appearance | silvery white metallic |
| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Na) | 22.98976928(2) |
| Atomic number (Z) | 11 |
| Group | group 1: H and alkali metals |
| Period | period 3 |
| Block | s-block |
| Element category | Alkali metal |
| Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s1 |
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 1 |
| Phase at STP | solid |
| Melting point | 370.944 K (97.794 °C, 208.029 °F) |
| Boiling point | 1156.090 K (882.940 °C, 1621.292 °F) |
| Density (near r.t.) | 0.968 g/cm3 |
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.927 g/cm3 |
| Critical point | 2573 K, 35 MPa (extrapolated) |
| Heat of fusion | 2.60 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 97.42 kJ/mol |
| Molar heat capacity | 28.230 J/(mol·K) |
| Oxidation states | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.93 |
| Ionization energies |
|
| Atomic radius | empirical: 186 pm |
| Covalent radius | 166±9 pm |
| Van der Waals radius | 227 pm |
| Natural occurrence | primordial |
| Speed of sound thin rod | 3200 m/s (at 20 °C) |
| Thermal expansion | 71 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
| Thermal conductivity | 142 W/(m·K) |
| Electrical resistivity | 47.7 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
| Magnetic susceptibility | +16.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K) |
| Young's modulus | 10 GPa |
| Shear modulus | 3.3 GPa |
| Bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa |
| Mohs hardness | 0.5 |
| Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa |
| CAS Number | 7440-23-5 |
| Discovery and first isolation | Humphry Davy (1807) |
Green
"for entailment,
"Gray
"for neutral and
"Red
"for contradiction
Humphry Davy first discovered and isolated Sodium which has a silvery white metallic appearance.
Most Alkali metals have a silvery white metallic appearance making them hard to distinguish.
Sodium has a silvery gold metallic appearance and a remedial natural occurrence.
Sodium is known for being white and silver in color.
Sodium explodes when it interacts with water.
Sodium was discovered in the 1500s.
Sodium was first discovered in the 19th century.
Sodium is currently used in many foods.
Sodium was one of the first 10 elements discovered.