In this task, we will ask you to make inferences about information presented in a tabular form.
We will show you a table. Using only the table and what you believe most people know about the world, you should write:
Things to keep in mind as you write these statements. The examples below expand on these points :
The table below and the following examples clarify the instructions.
Highest governing body | International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) |
---|---|
Characteristics | |
Contact | No |
Team members | Individual and team at international levels |
Mixed gender | Yes |
Equipment | Horse, appropriate horse tack |
Venue | Arena, indoor or outdoor |
Presence | |
Country or region | Worldwide |
Olympic | 1912 |
Paralympic | 1996 |
Bad Examples | Good Examples |
✘ Avoid: The venue of Dressage is indoors or outdoors. Reason:While this is true, it literally restates information from the table. |
✔ Preferred: Men and women can compete against each other indoors or outdoors in Dressage. Reason:To show that this statement is true, we need to use information from different rows of the table and we need to use the common knowledge that mix gender means both men and women. |
✘ Avoid: Dressage is an international sport. Reason: While this is true, it literally restates information from the table. |
✔ Preferred: Individuals and teams can participate in the Olympics and Paralympics. Reason: To show that this statement is true, we need to use information from different rows of the table and we need to have common knowledge that Olympics and Paralympics are international events. |
✘ Avoid: The first Dressage Paralympics was held in Atlanta from August 16 to 25. Reason: Although this sentence is true; however, to show that it is true, we need to know that first Dressage Paralymics was first held in Atlanta. This piece of information need not be commonly known. |
✔ Preferred: International Dressage event includes teams from more than one country. Reason: To show that this statement is true, we need to use information from different rows of the table and we need to have common knowledge that the word “worldwide” means more than one country. |
Bad Examples | Good Examples |
✘ Avoid: The FEI is a well run body that governs dressage. Reason: This statement expresses a subjective/ personal opinion. Here, the table does not commit to whether it is or is not true, but please avoid such statements that express personal opinions. |
✔ Preferred: Dressage is the only outdoor equestrian sports governed by FEI. Reason: Although this may be true, there is no information in the table to verify that Dressage (outdoor/indoor Equestrian sports) is the “only” sport governed by FEI. |
✘ Avoid: Dressage has a presence in the United States of America. Reason: While this may or may not be true, it uses the name of a place not mentioned in the table. |
✔ Preferred: A Dressage athlete can participate in both individual and team events. Reason: While this may be true, there is no information in the table to verify that the same athlete can participate in both events. |
✘ Avoid: Dressage male competitors are better than female Dressage ones. Reason: This statement expresses a subjective/ personal opinion. Here, the table does not commit to whether it is or is not true, but please avoid such statements that express personal opinions. |
✔ Preferred: Each country has a National Federation for Equestrian Sports. Reason: While this may be true, we don’t have information in the table to verify that National Federations exist, however, an International Federation may implyimplies the existence of National Federations in many countries but not all. |
Bad Examples | Good Examples |
✘ Avoid: Dressage is not an Olympics event. Reason: While this statement is false, it literally contradicts the information from the table. |
✔ Preferred: Dressage was included in the Olympics and Paralympics in the same year. Reason: To show that this statement is false we need to use information from different rows of the table. |
✘ Avoid: Dressage was introduced in the Olympics in 1974. Reason: While this statement is false, it literally contradicts information from the table. |
✔ Preferred: Dressage has an older history in the Paralympics than the Olympics. Reason: To show that this statement is false, we need to use information from different rows of the table. |
✘ Avoid: Dressage doesn’t have a governing body. Reason: While this is false, it literally contradicts the information from the table. |
✔ Preferred: FEI governs Dressage only in the USA. Reason: To show that this statement is false, we need to use the fact that that FEI being an international body, it governs the sport in multiple countries. |